[!NOTE] 导读
本文内容介绍了Ubuntu 扩展磁盘空间的过程。
转载请注明原文出处！
运行环境：
- VMware WorkStation 17
- Ubuntu 24.04 LTS
报错场景：在安装 GitLab 程序时，提示空间不足。
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/gitlab-jh_17.6.1-jh.0_amd64.deb (--unpack): cannot copy extracted data for './opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails/public/assets/webpack/gitlab-vscode/0.0.1-dev-20240909013227/vscode/extensions/groovy/language-configuration.json' to '/opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails/public/assets/webpack/gitlab-vscode/0.0.1-dev-20240909013227/vscode/extensions/groovy/language-configuration.json.dpkg-new': failed to write (No space left on device) No apport report written because the error message indicates a disk full error dpkg-deb: error: paste subprocess was killed by signal (Broken pipe) Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archives/gitlab-jh_17.6.1-jh.0_amd64.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
After this operation, 4,252 MB of additional disk space will be used. E: You don't have enough free space in /var/cache/apt/archives/.
根据这段提示信息，需要扩充 /var/cache/apt/archives/ 目录所在的存储空间。
完整过程
尝试清理缓存
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoremove
并且在删除未使用的镜像后，仍提示空间不足。
查看磁盘空间
使用 fdisk, parted, gparted 等工具来调整分区大小。
#查看磁盘和分区信息
sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 50 GiB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Disk model: VMware Virtual S
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: AF1CAFE0-877B-4BC2-95CE-689275D33D3F
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 4095 2048 1M BIOS boot
/dev/sda2 4096 4198399 4194304 2G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda3 4198400 104855551 100657152 48G Linux filesystem
Disk /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv: 24 GiB, 25765609472 bytes, 50323456 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
#查看文件系统
df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 790M 2.5M 787M 1% /run
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 24G 18G 5.1G 78% /
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
/dev/sda2 2.0G 182M 1.7G 10% /boot
#查看某个目录所在的文件系统
df -h /opt
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 24G 18G 5.1G 78% /
此时，需要定位错误信息的 /var/cache/apt/archives/、``：
df /var/cache/apt/archives
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 24590672 17972472 5343732 78% /
- Filesystem:
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv - 1K-blocks (总大小): 24,590,672 KB 或大约 24 GB
- Used (已使用空间): 22,578,456 KB 或大约 22.5 GB
- Available (可用空间): 737,748 KB 或大约 0.7 GB
- Use% (使用率): 97%
- Mounted on (挂载点):
/（根目录）
查看逻辑卷：
# 查看当前 LVM 状态
vgdisplay ubuntu-vg
--- Volume group ---
VG Name ubuntu-vg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 2
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 1
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <48.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 12287
Alloc PE / Size 6143 / <24.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 6144 / 24.00 GiB
VG UUID UEkenS-231t-TRnt-uMHD-OKLp-XAqH-30ghO6
扩展逻辑卷
将剩余的可用空间全部（100%）分配：
# 如果有足够的空闲空间，可以直接扩展逻辑卷
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
Size of logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv changed from <24.00 GiB (6143 extents) to <48.00 GiB (12287 extents).
Logical volume ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv successfully resized
注意，可以修改为 50% 等占比。
应用：
# 调整文件系统以利用新空间
resize2fs /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv
resize2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 3, new_desc_blocks = 6
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv is now 12581888 (4k) blocks long.
从可用空间新建逻辑卷
若操作了上一步 “扩展逻辑卷”，这一步忽略即可。实际上，[铊代码网] 没有执行这一步，有点子繁琐。
新建两个10G的逻辑卷：
sudo lvcreate -L 10G -n var-lv ubuntu-vg
sudo lvcreate -L 10G -n opt-lv ubuntu-vg
检查逻辑卷是否创建成功：
sudo lvdisplay /dev/ubuntu-vg/var-lv
sudo lvdisplay /dev/ubuntu-vg/opt-lv
格式化逻辑卷：
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/ubuntu-vg/var-lv
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/ubuntu-vg/opt-lv
创建挂载点：
sudo mkdir -p /mnt/new-var
sudo mkdir -p /mnt/new-opt
挂载逻辑卷：
sudo mount /dev/ubuntu-vg/var-lv /mnt/new-var
sudo mount /dev/ubuntu-vg/opt-lv /mnt/new-opt
emmm，有点子麻烦啊~这里仅记录未验证！
迁移现有数据：
sudo rsync -avxHAX /var/ /mnt/new-var/
sudo rsync -avxHAX /opt/ /mnt/new-opt/
更新 /etc/fstab：
echo '/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-var--lv /var ext4 defaults 0 2' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
echo '/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-opt--lv /opt ext4 defaults 0 2' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
再次检查磁盘空间
df -h /var/cache/apt/archives
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 48G 23G 23G 50% /
本文内容到此为止，仅供参考；转载需注明出处。